Today most geologists

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• Catastrophism — is the idea that Earth has been affected in the distant past by sudden, short lived, violent events that were sometimes worldwide in scope.The dominant paradigm of geology, by contrast, has been uniformitarianism (also sometimes described as… …   Wikipedia

• Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

• dating — I In geology and archaeology, the process of determining an object s or event s place within a chronological scheme. Scientists may use either relative dating, in which items are sequenced on the basis of stratigraphic clues (see stratigraphy) or …   Universalium

• History of the Earth — For the history of modern humans, see History of the world. Geological time put in a diagram called a geological clock, showing the relative lengths of the eons of the Earth s history The history of the Earth describes the most important events… …   Wikipedia

• geochronology — geochronologic /jee oh kron l oj ik/, geochronological, adj. geochronologist, n. /jee oh kreuh nol euh jee/, n. the chronology of the earth, as based on both absolute and relative methods of age determination. [1890 95; GEO + CHRONOLOGY] * * *… …   Universalium

• mineral deposit — Introduction       aggregate of a mineral in an unusually high concentration.       About half of the known chemical elements (chemical element) possess some metallic (metal) properties. The term metal, however, is reserved for those chemical… …   Universalium

• Granite — For other uses, see Granite (disambiguation). Granite Igneous Rock Granite containing potassium feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, quartz, and biotite and/or amphibole Composi …   Wikipedia

• Lyell, Sir Charles, Baronet — ▪ Scottish geologist Introduction born Nov. 14, 1797, Kinnordy, Forfarshire, Scot. died Feb. 22, 1875, London  Scottish geologist largely responsible for the general acceptance of the view that all features of the Earth s (Earth) surface are… …   Universalium

• Diamond — This article is about the mineral. For the gemstone, see Diamond (gemstone). For other uses, including the shape ◊, see Diamond (disambiguation) …   Wikipedia

• Arizona — Arizonan, Arizonian /ar euh zoh nee euhn/, adj., n. /ar euh zoh neuh/, n. a state in SW United States. 2,717,866; 113,909 sq. mi. (295,025 sq. km). Cap.: Phoenix. Abbr.: AZ (for use with zip code), Ariz. * * * State (pop., 2000: 5,130,632),… …   Universalium

• North America — North American. the northern continent of the Western Hemisphere, extending from Central America to the Arctic Ocean. Highest point, Mt. McKinley, 20,300 ft. (6187 m); lowest, Death Valley, 276 ft. (84 m) below sea level. 400,000,000 including… …   Universalium